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Herbs & Supplements

Achillea millefolium
Scientific Name: Yarrow
Other Names: Achillea, Bloodwort, Green Arrow, Milfoil, Nosebleed Plant, Staunch Weed, Thousand-Leaf, Wound Wort, Yarroway

References

Anon. Final report on the safety assessment of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) extract. International Journal of Toxicology. 2001;20(Suppl 2):79-84.

Anon: Yarrow. In: DerMarderosian A, Beutler JA, eds. Facts and Comparisons: The Review of Natural Products. St. Louis, MO, Facts and Comparisons. April 1998.

Asgary S, Naderi GH, Sarrafzadegan N, Mohammadifard N, Mostafavi S, Vakili R. Antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic effects of Achillea wilhelmsii. Drugs under Experimental and Clinical Research. 2000;26(3):89-93.

Benedek B, Geisz N, J?ger W, Thalhammer T, Kopp B. Choleretic effects of yarrow (Achillea millefolium s.l.) in the isolated perfused rat liver. Phytomedicine. 2006;13(9-10):702-706.

Benedek B, Kopp B, Melzig MF. Achillea millefolium L. s.l. -- is the anti-inflammatory activity mediated by protease inhibition? Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2007;113(2):312-317.

Benedek B, Rothwangl-Wiltschnigg K, Rozema E, et al. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l.): pharmaceutical quality of commercial samples. Pharmazie. 2008;63(1):23-26.

Bezic N, Skocibusic M, Dunkic V, Radonic A. Composition and antimicrobial activity of Achillea clavennae L. essential oil. Phytotherapy Research. 2003;17(9):1037-1040.

Boswell-Ruys CL, Ritchie HE, Brown-Woodman PD. Preliminary screening study of reproductive outcomes after exposure to yarrow in the pregnant rat. Birth Defects Research. Part B. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology. 2003;68(5):416-420.

Candan F, Unlu M, Tepe B, et al. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2003;87(2-3):215-220.

Cavalcanti AM, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, et al. Safety and antiulcer efficacy studies of Achillea millefolium L. after chronic treatment in Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Epublished ahead of print. March 22, 2006.

Chandler RF, Hooper SN, Hooper DL, Jamieson WD, Flinn CG, Safe LM. Herbal remedies of the Maritime Indians: sterols and triterpenes of Achillea millefolium L. (Yarrow). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1982;71(6):690-693.

Dalsenter PR, Cavalcanti AM, Andrade AJ, Araujo SL, Marques MC. Reproductive evaluation of aqueous crude extract of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) in Wistar rats. Reproductive Toxicology. 2004;18(6):819-823.

Felter HW, Lloyd JU. King's American Dispensatory. Eighteenth Edition. Third Revision. Cincinnati, Ohio. Ohio Valley Co. 1898. Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/herbmed/eclectic/kings/intro .html. Accessed: July 23, 2003.

Hausen BM. A 6-year experience with compositae mix. American Journal of Contact Dermatology. 1996;7(2):94-99.

Jaenson TG, Palsson K, Borg-Karlson AK. Evaluation of extracts and oils of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) repellent plants from Sweden and Guinea-Bissau. Journal of Medical Entomology. 2006;43(1):113-119.

Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.

Karamenderes C, Apaydin S. Antispasmodic effect of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. sipylea (O. Schwarz) Bassler on the rat isolated duodenum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2003;84(2-3):175-179.

Maswadeh HM, Semreen MH, Naddaf AR. Anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea and Ruscus topical gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Acta Pol Pharm. 2006;63(4):277-280.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, Online Edition. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2006. Available at: http://www.pharmacistsletter.com/(S(ulqz3s45omt3ag5 5um4kj345))/home.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=ND.

Paulsen E, Andersen KE, Hausen BM. Sensitization and cross-reaction patterns in Danish Compositae-allergic patients. Contact Dermatitis. 2001;45(4):197-204.

Peirce A. The American Pharmaceutical Association Practical Guide to Natural Medicines. New York: Stonesong Press; 1999.

Plants for a Future Database. Achillea millefolium. No date given. Available at: http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Achill ea+millefolium. Accessed July 23, 2003.

Razic S, Dogo S, Slavkovic L. Investigation on bioavailability of some essential and toxic elements in medicinal herbs. Natural Medicine (Tokyo). Epublished ahead of print. April 12, 2008.

Santoro GF, Cardoso MG, Guimaraes LG, Mendonca LZ, Soares MJ. Trypanosoma cruzi: Activity of essential oils from Achillea millefolium L., Syzygium aromaticum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. on epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. Experimental Parasitology. Epublished ahead of print. February 1, 2007.

Simon JE, Chadwick AF, Craker LE. Herbs: An Indexed Bibliography. Hamden, CT: Archon Books; 1984.

Sokmen A, Sokmen M, Daferera D, et al. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Asteraceae). Phytotherapy Research. 2004;18(6):451-456.

Sokmen A, Vardar-Unlu G, Polissiou M, Daferera D, Sokmen M, Donmez E. Antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea sintenisii Hub. Mor. (Asteraceae). Phytotherapy Research. 2003;17(9):1005-1010.

Stojanovic G, Radulovic N, Hashimoto T, Palic R. In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of four Achillea species: the composition of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae) extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2005;101(1-3):185-190.

Tariq KA, Chishti MZ, Ahmad F, Shawl AS. Anthelmintic efficacy of Achillea millifolium against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep: in vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Helminthology. Epublished ahead of print. April 18, 2008:1-8.

Tewari JP, Srivastava MC, Bajpai JL. Phytopharmacologic studies of Achillea millefolium Linn. Indian Journal of Medical Science. 1974;28(8):331-336.

Unlu M, Daferera D, Donmez E, Polissiou M, Tepe B, Sokmen A. Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea setacea and Achillea teretifolia (Compositae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2002;83(1-2):117-121.

Yaeesh S, Jamal Q, Khan AU, Gilani AH. Studies on hepatoprotective, antispasmodic and calcium antagonist activities of the aqueous-methanol extract of Achillea millefolium. Phytotherapy Research. 2006;20(7):546-551.

Last Revised April 21, 2008

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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References